AUDIT: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test

The AUDIT is the World Health Organization’s 10-question alcohol screen. Three questions ask how much someone drinks, three look for signs of dependence, and four for harm. The total runs from 0 to 40, and 8 or more points to hazardous or harmful drinking. Answer the questions to score it, see which of the WHO’s four zones the total falls in, and record the result with the free template.

  • Scores as you answer
  • Recording template to copy
  • Two recorded examples

AUDIT result template

Free
AUDIT RESULT

Date: [Date]
Patient: [Name or ID, age, sex]
Given as: [Interview or self-report questionnaire; language, and interpreter if used]
Why given: [Positive AUDIT-C, intake, admission, or a problem that may be linked to drinking]
Drink size used: [Grams in a standard drink where you practice, and what the patient usually drinks]

ITEM SCORES
Consumption, items 1 to 3: [Points for each, and the subtotal out of 12]
Dependence, items 4 to 6: [Points for each, and the subtotal out of 12]
Harm, items 7 to 10: [Points for each, and the subtotal out of 16]
Skips followed: [None, after item 1, or after items 2 and 3]
Total: [0 to 40]

ZONE
Cutoff: [8, or 7 for a woman or a man over 65, or the program's own]
WHO zone: [I alcohol education, II simple advice, III brief counseling and monitoring, or IV referral]
Moved up a zone: [Yes, for 2 or more on item 4, 5, or 6, or 4 on item 9 or 10; or no]
Earlier results: [Date and AUDIT or AUDIT-C total, or none on file]

ITEMS OF NOTE
Signs of dependence: [What items 4 to 6 describe, and how often]
Withdrawal: [Last drink, last alcohol-free day, past shakes, sweats, seizures, or confusion]
Harms: [Guilt, memory loss, injuries, and who has raised concern]
Past problems: [Item 9 or 10 answered yes, but not in the last year; or none]

INTERVENTION
Given today: [Education, simple advice, brief counseling, or referral, and how long]
Feedback: [What the score means for this patient, tied to their own health]
DSM-5 review: [Criteria met and severity, or not assessed and why]
Patient's goal: [A stated limit, alcohol-free days, stopping, or not ready]

PLAN
Withdrawal plan: [Not needed, or supervised withdrawal, setting, thiamine, and monitoring]
Medicines: [Naltrexone, acamprosate, or another option offered, started, or declined]
Referral: [Service and appointment date, or none]
Bloods: [Liver enzymes, GGT, full blood count, or none ordered]
Review: [Date of the next visit, and when to repeat the AUDIT]

Clinician: [Name, credentials]

Score the AUDIT as you answer.

Every item as published. The total and what it means update with each answer; nothing you choose leaves this page.

Now I am going to ask you some questions about your use of alcoholic beverages during this past year.

  1. 1.How often do you have a drink containing alcohol?

  2. 2.How many drinks containing alcohol do you have on a typical day when you are drinking?

  3. 3.How often do you have six or more drinks on one occasion?

  4. 4.How often during the last year have you found that you were not able to stop drinking once you had started?

  5. 5.How often during the last year have you failed to do what was normally expected from you because of drinking?

  6. 6.How often during the last year have you needed a first drink in the morning to get yourself going after a heavy drinking session?

  7. 7.How often during the last year have you had a feeling of guilt or remorse after drinking?

  8. 8.How often during the last year have you been unable to remember what happened the night before because you had been drinking?

  9. 9.Have you or someone else been injured as a result of your drinking?

  10. 10.Has a relative or friend or a doctor or another health worker been concerned about your drinking or suggested you cut down?

Use it for

  • Follow-up after a positive AUDIT-C
  • Addiction and mental health intake
  • Hospital and emergency care
  • Primary care check-ups
  • Student and workplace health

What the score means. 0 to 40.

0 to 7: Alcohol education

Zone I: low-risk drinking or none. Share the drinking guidance where you practice, and when not to drink at all. A 7 is positive for women and men over 65 where the lower cutoff is used.

8 to 15: Simple advice

Zone II: drinking above low-risk limits, hazardous or harmful. Give simple advice on cutting down in the same visit, with written material to take home.

16 to 19: Brief counseling

Zone III: harmful and hazardous drinking. Simple advice plus brief counseling and continued monitoring; assess for dependence if the drinking doesn’t change or dependence is suspected.

20 to 40: Referral

Zone IV: likely alcohol dependence. Refer for diagnostic evaluation and treatment, and ask about withdrawal before advising the patient to stop.
  • Items 1 to 8 score 0 to 4. Items 9 and 10 score 0, 2, or 4. Add all ten for a total from 0 to 40.
  • Two skips shorten it. If item 1 is “Never,” go to items 9 and 10 and score items 2 to 8 as 0. If items 2 and 3 add up to 0, go to items 9 and 10 and score items 4 to 8 as 0. The calculator fills in those zeros.
  • The WHO recommends a total of 8 or more as the sign of hazardous and harmful drinking, and of possible dependence. In the original six-country study, a cutoff of 8 found problem drinking with sensitivity generally in the mid-90s, in percent, and specificity averaging in the 80s.
  • The manual suggests a cutoff one point lower, at 7, for all women and for men over 65, since alcohol affects them more at the same intake. A cutoff of 10 is more specific but misses more people. Record the cutoff you used.
  • The four zones come from Box 6 of the WHO manual: 0 to 7 alcohol education, 8 to 15 simple advice, 16 to 19 simple advice plus brief counseling and continued monitoring, and 20 to 40 referral to a specialist for diagnostic evaluation and treatment. The WHO calls them tentative, to be weighed against the patient’s health, family history, and how candid the answers seem.
  • The WHO gives the next zone up to anyone who scores 2 or more on items 4, 5, or 6, or 4 on item 9 or 10, whatever the total.
  • Where the points come from: 1 or more on item 2 or 3 means drinking at a hazardous level; points on items 4 to 6, especially weekly or daily, suggest dependence present or starting; points on items 7 to 10 mean harm is already happening.
  • A 2 on item 9 or 10, “yes, but not in the last year,” points to a past problem. Even without current risky drinking, it’s worth a conversation about staying alert to it.
  • The AUDIT site at auditscreen.org describes the total in broader steps: 1 to 7 low-risk drinking, 8 to 14 hazardous or harmful drinking, and 15 or more likely dependence, a moderate to severe alcohol use disorder. The bands on this page follow the WHO manual’s zones.
  • The WHO wrote items 2 and 3 for a 10-gram standard drink, so six drinks in item 3 is 60 grams of alcohol. The manual allows item 3 to change to 4 or 5 drinks where a standard drink is bigger. Count drinks as a standard drink is defined where you practice.
  • Items 1 to 3 on their own are the AUDIT-C, scored 0 to 12 with its own cutoffs. Many clinics give the AUDIT-C to everyone and the full AUDIT after a positive result.
  • The cutoffs were set in adults. Adolescents need a tool or cutoff validated for their age, such as the CRAFFT. In pregnancy, any drinking is worth discussing.
  • A high score isn’t a diagnosis. An alcohol use disorder is diagnosed in an interview against the 11 DSM-5 criteria: 2 to 3 is mild, 4 to 5 moderate, and 6 or more severe.

How to give it, score it, and read it.

Introducing it

Say why you’re asking, then go through the questions in order. As an interview or on paper, it takes two to four minutes.

  • Explain that the questions cover alcohol in the past year and help you look after their health
  • Say what “alcoholic beverages” means with local examples: beer, wine, spirits, cider, hard seltzer
  • Define a standard drink before items 2 and 3, and code the answers in standard drinks
  • Read the questions as written when you ask them aloud; a written form often gets more candid answers
  • Ask when the patient is sober and not in acute distress

Avoid: Bringing it out in the middle of an argument about drinking. Asked alongside other health questions, it doesn’t sound like an accusation.

Following the skips

Two skips shorten the AUDIT for people who drink little. Both jump to items 9 and 10, never to the end.

  • Item 1 “Never”: go straight to items 9 and 10, and score items 2 to 8 as 0
  • Items 2 and 3 adding to 0: go to items 9 and 10, and score items 4 to 8 as 0
  • Ask items 9 and 10 of everyone, including people who no longer drink

Avoid: Stopping at item 1 for a non-drinker. A past injury or past concern from others points to a problem worth knowing about.

Scoring

Items 1 to 8 score 0 to 4; items 9 and 10 score 0, 2, or 4. Add all ten for a total from 0 to 40.

  • Record each item’s points, not only the total
  • Add subtotals for consumption, items 1 to 3; dependence, items 4 to 6; and harm, items 7 to 10
  • Note the standard drink you counted in
  • Record the cutoff you used: 8, or 7 for women and men over 65

Avoid: Scoring items 9 and 10 as 1 for “yes, but not in the last year.” Their answers score 0, 2, or 4.

Reading the three parts

Where the points come from matters as much as the total. The WHO reads the items in three groups.

  • Items 1 to 3, consumption: 1 or more on item 2 or 3 means drinking at a hazardous level
  • Items 4 to 6, dependence: any points, especially weekly or daily, suggest dependence present or starting
  • Items 7 to 10, harm: points mean the drinking is already causing harm
  • Items 9 and 10 at 2: a past problem, worth a word about staying alert to it

Avoid: Treating two totals of 14 as the same. Fourteen points from heavy weekends is a different problem from fourteen with morning drinking.

Choosing the intervention

Each WHO zone pairs a total with an intervention. Start at the level the score suggests, and step up if the drinking doesn’t change.

  • 0 to 7: alcohol education, and when not to drink at all: driving, pregnancy, some medicines and conditions
  • 8 to 15: simple advice on cutting down, with written material
  • 16 to 19: simple advice plus brief counseling, and continued monitoring
  • 20 to 40: referral for diagnostic evaluation and treatment, or care in primary care where no specialist service exists
  • One zone up for 2 or more on item 4, 5, or 6, or 4 on item 9 or 10

Avoid: Sending every positive result to a specialist. Most people who score 8 to 15 do well with advice in the same visit.

Withdrawal and referral

High totals, daily heavy drinking, and points on items 4 to 6 call for questions about withdrawal before you advise stopping.

  • How long since the last alcohol-free day, and what happened then
  • Past withdrawal: shakes, sweats, seizures, hallucinations, confusion
  • Other sedatives, and conditions that make withdrawal riskier
  • Supervised withdrawal for anyone likely to have moderate or severe symptoms; most can withdraw at home or as outpatients
  • Thiamine for anyone drinking heavily

Avoid: Telling a daily heavy drinker to stop tomorrow. Stopping suddenly can bring seizures or delirium.

Two recorded results. Every part, filled in.

Each one follows the recording template. Use them to judge how much to write.

AUDIT result: 18, brief counseling for a man with gout flares

Primary care video follow-up for gout, AUDIT asked aloud after an AUDIT-C of 9 on the intake form

Item scores

Consumption 9: item 1 four or more times a week, 4; item 2 five or six drinks, 2; item 3 weekly, 3. Dependence 2: item 4 less than monthly, 1; item 5 less than monthly, 1; item 6 never, 0. Harm 7: item 7 monthly, 2; item 8 less than monthly, 1; item 9 yes, but not in the last year, 2; item 10 yes, but not in the last year, 2. Total 18 of 40. Five or six 355 ml cans of 5% beer on weeknights, about one standard drink each, and 8 to 10 at Saturday games.

Zone

50-year-old man. Cutoff 8. Zone III, 16 to 19: simple advice plus brief counseling and monitoring. Not moved up: items 4 to 6 are 1 or less, and items 9 and 10 are 2. AUDIT-C of 9 two weeks ago; first full AUDIT.

Items of note

Item 4: one night in the spring he meant to have two and had nine. Item 9: broke his wrist falling off a deck at a barbecue three summers ago. Item 10: his brother told him to cut down two years ago. Last alcohol-free day 10 days ago, with no shakes, sweats, or broken sleep. Three gout flares this year, two of them the morning after a game.

Intervention

Brief counseling, 15 minutes. Feedback: beer as a trigger for his flares and one reason his uric acid stays above target on allopurinol 200 mg. DSM-5: keeps drinking despite flares he links to beer, 1 criterion; no alcohol use disorder. His goal: 2 cans at most on weeknights, 3 alcohol-free days a week, and no more than 4 at games.

Plan

Allopurinol up to 300 mg. Uric acid, liver enzymes, and GGT before the next visit. Video visit in 4 weeks to go over his drinking diary and any flares; a diagnostic assessment and a referral to the addiction service if he hasn’t met his goal by then. Repeat the AUDIT in 3 months.

Common mistakes, and how to avoid them.

Reading the total alone

A 13 with weekly morning drinking belongs a zone higher. Check items 4 to 6, 9, and 10 before choosing the intervention.

Borrowing the AUDIT-C cutoffs

The full AUDIT runs 0 to 40, positive at 8, or 7 for women and men over 65. The AUDIT-C’s 3 and 4 apply only to its own 0 to 12 total.

Ending at item 1 for non-drinkers

The skip goes to items 9 and 10. A former drinker’s past injury, or past concern from family or a doctor, belongs in the record.

Advising a dependent drinker to stop at once

Ask about morning drinking, alcohol-free days, and past withdrawal first. Plan the withdrawal before the quit date.

Coding drinks as poured

Items 2 and 3 count standard drinks. Convert a bottle of wine or a tall can of strong beer before scoring them.

Where it comes from, and how you may use it.

Who holds it

The World Health Organization, which developed the AUDIT in a study across six countries, first published in 1989. The current manual, the 2001 second edition, is by Thomas Babor, John Higgins-Biddle, John Saunders, and Maristela Monteiro.

How you may use it

As a WHO-approved instrument, the AUDIT is in the public domain. No permission is needed to use it for non-commercial purposes; it may be reproduced as long as the questions aren’t materially changed and it’s noted as WHO-approved, and no one completing it should be charged. The WHO manual itself may be copied and translated freely, but not sold or used for commercial purposes. The questions on this page are the WHO’s interview version, word for word.

Go through the answers. Review the note.

Vero Scribe records the AUDIT result in your template from the visit, with the patient’s consent, or from your dictation: the item scores, the zone, the dependence and harm items, and the plan. You review and edit every line, then copy it into your record. Vero works in 60+ languages.

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Frequently asked questions.

How do you score the AUDIT?

Item 1: never 0, monthly or less 1, 2 to 4 times a month 2, 2 to 3 times a week 3, 4 or more times a week 4. Item 2: 1 or 2 drinks is 0, 3 or 4 is 1, 5 or 6 is 2, 7 to 9 is 3, 10 or more is 4. Items 3 to 8: never 0, less than monthly 1, monthly 2, weekly 3, daily or almost daily 4. Items 9 and 10: no 0, yes but not in the last year 2, yes during the last year 4. Add all ten for a total from 0 to 40.

What do the AUDIT zones mean?

The WHO links each range to an intervention. Zone I, 0 to 7: alcohol education. Zone II, 8 to 15: simple advice. Zone III, 16 to 19: simple advice plus brief counseling and continued monitoring. Zone IV, 20 to 40: referral for diagnostic evaluation and treatment. A patient moves up one zone for 2 or more on item 4, 5, or 6, or 4 on item 9 or 10.

What AUDIT score is positive?

The WHO recommends 8 or more as the sign of hazardous or harmful drinking, and 7 or more for women and for men over 65. A cutoff of 10 misses more people but gives fewer false positives. The higher the score, the more likely dependence; 15 or more is often read as a likely alcohol use disorder.

Which AUDIT questions point to dependence?

Items 4 to 6: not being able to stop once started, failing to do what was expected, and needing a morning drink. Points there, especially weekly or daily, suggest dependence present or starting. Items 7 to 10 cover harm: guilt, memory loss, injuries, and concern from others.

What is the difference between the AUDIT and the AUDIT-C?

The AUDIT-C is the AUDIT’s first three questions, on how often and how much someone drinks, scored 0 to 12. The full AUDIT adds seven questions on dependence and harm, scored 0 to 40 into four zones. The AUDIT-C is the quicker screen; the full AUDIT shows how serious the problem is and which intervention fits.

Does a high AUDIT score mean alcohol use disorder?

Not on its own. A score of 20 or more calls for a diagnostic evaluation, but the diagnosis comes from an interview against the DSM-5 criteria: 2 to 3 is mild, 4 to 5 moderate, and 6 or more severe.

Who can give the AUDIT?

Anyone on the care team can ask it, and patients can complete it themselves on paper or a tablet in two to four minutes. A clinician reads the result, looks at items 4 to 10, and chooses the intervention.

Is the AUDIT free to use?

Yes. As a WHO-approved instrument, the AUDIT is in the public domain, and no permission is needed to use it for non-commercial purposes, as long as the questions aren’t changed and no one completing it is charged. The WHO manual can be copied but not sold. The recording template on this page is free to copy or download too.

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